This article posts the newest AMS fourteen C dates of thirteen ponies in the past allotted to new Migration several months, and also the osteometric study and age of ponies receive in the Lithuanian cemeteries of your third–14th C Advertising, over 200 some body as a whole. The study abilities fixed the present chronology of your own burials, plus the osteometric data enabled an alternative evaluation out-of if the horses about Migration period really are exceptional sizes from inside the brand new perspective off Lithuanian horses regarding third to help you 14th C Post. Brand new abundant investigation including anticipate an evaluation of your own growth of the shape and you may age the fresh horses in Lithuania between your 3rd and you may 14th C Ad.
dos.step one. Zooarchaeological Research
Nearly 400 pony skeletal stays found in Lithuanian burial internet away from the 3rd–14th C Post was examined ( Shape 1 ); but not, due to bad conservation, only more 200 everyone was right for subsequent size and you will decades investigation. New burial web sites was in fact put into around three chronological groups. A maximum of 21 individuals from six burial web sites was tasked with the Late Roman–post-Migration months (3rd–7th C Advertisement); 13 horses using this several months have been in person AMS 14 C-dated. These people were somebody chosen to the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr investigation, the outcomes from which is penned for the yet another guide . So you’re able to differentiate anywhere between ponies (Equus caballus), donkeys (Equus asinus), and you can mules, brand new strategy explained from the Johnstone is then followed.
Place off sites mentioned from the text message: 1-Paduobe-Saltaliune III, 2-Pagrybis, 3-Pavajuonis-Rekuciai, 4-Plinkaigalis, 5-Taurapilis, 6-Marvele, 7-Degsne-Labotiskes, 8-Jaksiskis, 9-Kretuonai, 10-Salakas, 11-Varliskes, 12-Obeliai, 13-Pakalniskiai, 14-Masteikiai, 15-Kernave, 16-Memelburg (Klaipeda), 17-Vilnius.
2. Topic and techniques
Many, with the exception of eight some body, was in fact based in the Marvele burial web site when you look at the central Lithuania. Assessment of archaeological perspective and the grave items lets to grow matchmaking of a few of your own burials with the 12th C Advertising. Thus, the brand new official end of one’s Viking period (1066) wasn’t considered, each other because of the calculate dating ones burial websites and you can by historical and you will archaeological framework: zero major break in the history away from Lithuania until the place of the state in the 13th C Advertisement sometimes appears.
Ponies regarding around three burial sites dating back to this new 13–14th C Advertisement were allotted to the fresh new medieval several months. In cases like this, some of the burials could possibly date towards the twelfth C Offer but are difficult to differentiate regarding later on of them. New gothic horse category together with provided bones regarding ponies away from a couple castles and one city of the new 13–14th C Advertisement: 25 metatarsals and metacarpals was basically selected off Kernave medieval area, 9 regarding the Vilnius Down castle, and you will 8 away from Memelburg, this new palace of your Teutonic Order, present-time Klaipeda. You will find included ponies about settlement internet sites so you’re able to provide as mission an image of gothic ponies that you can, oriented just into folks from normal burial internet however, also off contexts associated with the higher societal strata (Vilnius, Kernave) therefore the Buy. As a whole, the brand new remains out-of ninety five individuals were checked out on the gothic several months. In this browse, skeletal stays of all the Lithuanian horses recognized to the latest people of 3rd–14th C Offer burial web sites was checked-out.
Some of the horse skeletons was indeed badly kept and you will an inappropriate to have osteometric data, so the number of individuals ranged with regards to examination of what their age is and level. Age new ponies is actually estimated by the enamel eruption , wear of your incisors, therefore the peak of premolars and you may molars . Combination time of the epiphyses was also utilized for age evaluation. Withers peak is actually estimated out-of enough time bone specifications utilising the fixed coefficients off Kiesewalter [34,35]. Horses was indeed categorized centered on Brauner’s metacarpal and you can metatarsal slenderness directory group . Specifications according to von den Driesh have been made having fun with a keen osteometric board and you will an electronic digital caliper with an accuracy away from 0.01 cm. Horse skeletons were sexed based on the presence out of your dog white teeth into the male ponies more cuatro–five years old. Yet not, in some cases, intercourse of your own animal couldn’t getting determined on account of missing skeleton. Enough time limbs dimensions, sex, as well as the ages of every person are supplied during the Dining tables S1–S4. To test to possess advantages, we used a good t-test. Reviewed horses’ stays was kept in the new Zooarchaeological Repository off Vilnius College, Professors of the past. Pony out-of Varliskes are kept in Kernave Art gallery, and horse skeletons regarding https://datingmentor.org/canada-filipino-dating Paduobe-Saltaliune III and you may Salakas is actually kept in National Art gallery away from Lithuania.